What distinguishes a coalition from an alliance?

The distinction between a coalition and an alliance is primarily based on the nature and duration of their collaboration. A coalition is typically formed as a temporary, ad hoc arrangement aimed at addressing a specific issue or problem. This can involve various nations or organizations coming together quickly to tackle an urgent situation, such as a military operation or a humanitarian crisis, where their combined efforts are deemed necessary to achieve a particular goal.

In contrast, alliances are generally established as long-term partnerships that are often formalized through treaties or agreements. These alliances may outline commitments related to mutual defense, shared resources, and ongoing cooperation in various areas, not limited to a single problem. Consequently, the defining characteristic of a coalition lies in its temporary nature and focus on a specific objective, making it a partnership that dissipates once that objective is achieved.